Life as a Physics Major- Research and Junior Lab(Part 2)

Life as a Physics Major- Research and Junior Lab(Part 2) A month and a half ago, I posted the first part of my series introduction to [emailprotected] This entry has been a while coming. I started drafting 2 weeks ago. At which time I wrote the following before I gave up: To say that Ive been busy would be pretty false. Ive been doing next to nothing. The IAP tide has crept ashore and Ive been simply floating happily around campus, letting wave after wave of indolence wash over me. My days are filled with tennis, swimming, gymnastics, cheerleading, road trips, and guitar hero III. I learned how to ski; I beat a song on hard; I nailed a back handspring first time since high school; I can flip underwater; Ive been helping my friend edit his personal statements for grad schools; and in the process Ive completely forgotten what was supposed to go into this entry. Since then, Ive hooked up with the TESS satellite folks again this time to do some research on the payload (science instruments) side of things. I just finished drafting a proposal, and since Ive got all this writing momentum, I pulled up this particular work in progress. We expect that this will turn into a senior thesis (in physics) for me, exactly how, were still a little muddy on, but theres certainly no shortage of work on the team. An excerpt from the proposal: The search for transiting exoplanets pushes CCD instrumentation to its photometric limit. The crossing of an earth-sized planet in front of its parent star sometimes results in an imperceptible but measurable reduction in brightness of the star. The missions goals rely on the ability of our instruments to positively identify and record these occasional tiny dips in photon flux by one-tenth or one-hundredth of a percent. Determining the sensitivity of our instruments ultimately requires us to establish a noise floor given the parameters of the mission. Contributions include dark currents, CCD pixel-to-pixel variation, readout noise, spacecraft jitter, and pointing error, among other randomly or pseudo-randomly occuring disturbances. My job, at least initially, will be to experimentally characterize this noise, and in doing so calculate the photometric precision or resolution achievable with our current assembly. Familiarity with all spacecraft instruments and a detailed understanding of the CCD system will be key to successful completion of this portion of the project. Once this important figure has been found to a high degree of accuracy, the question then remains concerning the expected scientific turnout: what types of exoplanets are we sensitive enough to discover? And in what quantities? More and more I have found, in research nowadays, there are no quick and significant projects. Quick, sexy, independent projects usually dont result in much, and the really cutting-edge, the really world-changing stuff, like LIGO, like at the Yale lab the search for WIMPs (whose facilities we toured), like JWST (the descendant of Hubble Space Telescope), like the Mileura Widefield Array (though they changed their name to something uglier), anyways, stuff like that, they take a long time. And as an undergraduate, you will ever only really touch a tiny piece of it. I have to admit my attraction to the latter types of projects, I really prefer to be a small part of something big than a big part of something small. Personal preference, of course. Eventually, maybe you and I will find ourselves a big part of something big, and of course that will come with its own rewards. :P Undergraduate years, its all about building up. IAP freshman year I had no clue what I was doing but somehow I found myself working on Artificial Gravity at the Man-Vehicle Laboratory. Back then, I still wanted to be a Course 16 (Aero-Astro) major. Not much came of it, of course, since besides 8.012, I didnt know much. But it was definitely good experience, and as you will find, early UROPs serve primarily as stepping stones onto internships, other UROPs, more independent work, more interaction with the research team, more contribution on your part. By the end of freshman year Id taken more foundational courses, I had 6.001 (the old scheme intro to programming), 18.03, 8.022 under my belt, and over the summer I worked for LIGO, with the Burst Team. Summer after Sophomore year, this past summer, I joined the TESS satellite team (a mission still in its proposal stages) as an intern. By then I had a much more complete set of skills and conducted mostly independent analyses which I then squeezed into three separate white papers. While I was doing all this, I also got to be in California. Classes prepare you for all the research (that you will eventually conduct) in a tangential but crucial way. A good researcher is a knowledge-skill dualBot. Able to couple an impressive skillset with years of comprehensive study of a subject. Classes usually give you the latter, (Save your notes.) but sometimes, they can offer a little of both. Junior lab I (8.13), as Ive started talking about in this entry, for example, consists of a total of 6 experiments- 2 introductory experiments so that you familiarize yourself with the usual mess of wires, the format of the whole thing, and what is expected of you, and 4 full-length experiments. On average we have about 2 weeks per full-length experiment. A lab guide is provided (the example shown is for a muons experiment- considered one of the easier 8.13 experiments) and gives you, to varying degrees and uncertain levels of detail, an overview of the lab and some basic experimental procedures and techniques. The rest is up to you. A grades are supposely given to those who somehow show aptitude beyond that required by the lab guide. We pick from the class a partner (and you will spend a lot of time with this partner) and pick from a hat a number that determines our experimental lines. This is less a way of looking fancy than a necessity due to the limited number of each experimental set-up (in most cases just one) and the need to stagger the 8-9 groups per lab period that will be fighting for counter space. Lab days are either Mondays and Wednesdays, or Tuesdays and Thursdays, where on each day we have a chunk of 3 uninterrupted hours in the lab. Fridays are open lab days: opportunity for groups to sign up and work on an experiment they have yet to finish (collect better data, fix errors, in some cases redo the whole thing). As you can imagine, Fridays are quite busy. For the introductory experiments, we are allowed one lab day each. My partner, Pablo, and I wound up doing the Photoelectric Effect and Poisson Statistics. If you find us on the experimental lines page, youll see the full-length experiments we performed and their order. I would say the hardest part about the whole class is the timeline overlap between experiments. Even ideally, you wind up writing your paper and preparing your oral and sometimes even finishing up analysis for the last experiment a week into the next. Also, its killer to get behind. On the first day, were handed a formidable looking volume: Were told to respect the volume (they cost $40 on special order) and fill the vessel with our acquired knowledge and wisdom. Were told that it will be collected periodically and we will be evaluated on how well we have used it. Were given a pat on the back by seasoned physicists and sent on our way. At first, for me, this did not go very well. The first notebook check at the end of September I got a 60/100. But I learned. By the next I got an 80/100 and eventually worked my way up to a 90. Heres a look inside my 8.13 notebook- which I filled cover-to-cover (150 pages): Some Graphs from Poisson Lab Notes from Alpha Decay Lab Calculations from Cosmic-Ray Muons Lab Our first official lab was X-Ray Physics the 15 part experiment. Unfortunately for my partner and me, we didnt realize that some parts were optional until wed gone into 3 extra Friday sessions in a desperate attempt to finish the lab. Extra time was given to our first lab to account for equipment familiarization and just general intimidation. Our germanium solid-state detector. The ionization chamber is kept at a chilly ~80K to reduce noise- underneath it there you see the nitrogen tank. Row of Geiger-Counters :P sitting on a lead box full of radioactive isotopes. We go into this box a lot for the X-Rays experiment. This is my graded first paper: Experiments in X-Ray Physics. It was way too long. It could have been better a lot of work went into this though. The most rewarding thing about this whole course is really the improvement. Mostly through repetition and the sense of urgency, you feel yourself becoming a more fluent experimentalist with every lab you complete. Ive uploaded three papers into the same folder linked above. Take a look if you are interested in the kind of written product we churn out, but by no means feel obligated :) The other two arent graded, Im not sure where I put their graded counterparts. (Note: I did not upload the Rutherford Scattering lab. Because I hate it.) Here, take a look around: Foreground: really ghetto way of shielding the Rutherford set-up from photon noise. Background: The saddest tree on earth. An experiment I did not perform. I have no idea. Maybe Frank-Hertz? Maybe second semester. Lots of cables with alligator mouths :) Our quantum computer. I hear the concept is awesome but the lab totally blows. Grapevine. Relativistic Dynamics experiment is the big wire ball with the fan blowing at it. We wanted to do this one but we did not get it, we wanted muons more. Speaking of muons muons are great. Heres me standing next to the plastic scintillator for muon lifetime experiment. Muons are flying through my body, and Im lovin it. Thanks Scott for the picture :D Scott is fun. Scott will save your life multiple times, I guarantee it. Compton Scattering! Its okay, I hear. Uh, bookcase? Look closer. Pulsed NMR setup. The magnets for it. Alpha decay, the final lab we did. The set-up looks so weak but its considered one of the hardest experiments. Table of nuclides. We had to memorize this. No, Im kidding. Optical Pumping next semester. I hear this one is temperamental. Will do my best to avoid. Oral presentations are a pretty big part of Junior Lab. With every paper is an accompanying 15 minute PowerPoint presentation (here, Im giving the example of my slides from Alpha Decay, which I ended up choosing for my public oral as well) given to the professor and TA of your section. These are videotaped for review with a communications instructor. In total, 5 are taped in these settings and the last is a public oral given to the class and all the instructors and all your friends and are supposedly taped and put on the internet I havent been able to find it thusfar, but Ill put my public oral up if I do. Mine was well-attended seeing as I invited my hall. The public orals are held in succession and in these big end-of-term parties with pizza and drinks and victory speeches given by professors like football coaches after a big game. Youre encouraged to come back for another semester: which the eventual 8 majors do, but some dont. We lose friends, partners. Im sad to report that my partner will not be joining me in 8.14. Likewise, my new lab partner, Chris, is also newly orphaned. All in all, a busy semester behind me and an equally busy semester ahead, Im going into the last week of IAP feeling not quite as bored and relaxed as I would have hoped, knowing once semester starts its another marathon to the finish. Spring semester has been historically more manageable for me, I like the days getting longer the breeze getting warmer, the flowers and the leaves on trees and just the whole outlook really agrees with me. On my plate is 8.14, 8.06 (Quantum III, communication intensive, with a paper at the end), a writing class yet to be decided, and perhaps a history class. Im leaving some time to do work for the non-profit Im a part of, to be a cheerleader, to publish our lit/art magazine, and start research for my senior thesis. A new terms is nigh; theres no time to waste. 4 years go by pretty quickly. -Lulu

The Colonies Of The United States Essay - 1451 Words

In the 1607, the Virginia Company sent three ships over to America in search of finding gold and silver. This first permanent settlement, Jamestown, was founded in the Chesapeake Bay region. After the land had failed to produce gold or silver, the Virginia Company began to sell the land for property which started the colonization of what is to start the spark of the thirteen colonies. Great Britain began to colonize in the present day United States of America by creating the Thirteen Colonies. The colonies, which can be divided into three separate regions: Northern, Middle, and Southern, have been formed by different groups of people who have helped to shape the region which they belong to. Colonist came over in search of many opportunities. Opportunities to find new jobs and religious freedom gave the colonist hope while travelling across the Atlantic. The cultural blend that made up the colonies led to different colonies to form amongst them. The geographical characteristics of the colonial regions helped shape what the colony is most beneficial for. The northern colonies consist of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The northern region had poor soil and a harsh climate. The cold climate helped prevent the spread deadly diseases from infecting the people. The middle region of the colonies consisted of New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey. These colonies had a more temperate climate which benefited them to have a longer growingShow MoreRelatedThe Colonies Of The United States1377 Words   |  6 Pageshigher ups can make a pretty penny. In the eighteenth century, the numbers of slaves increased steadily. â€Å"Overall the area that was to become the United States imported between 400,000 and 600,000 slaves. 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However, I believe that despite the significance of events such as the British encouragement of uniting its North American colonies, the central and key reason for confederation was the fear of potential American (Ya nkee) inhabitance (whether by persuasion or invasion) of the divided and vast British North American colonies, and the way that the â€Å"FathersRead MoreThe Colonies Were Considered Incapable Of Governing Themselves994 Words   |  4 Pages The colonies were considered incapable of governing themselves. Thomas Pownall, a well-respected man by the British and a former Massachusetts governor; stated that due to the â€Å"expansion of the nation, the diversity, and the disruptiveness of colonial life [American self-rule impossible]† (Thomas Pownall). Since the beginning of colonization, the colonist have relied heavily on the British government, causing them to be more dependent. 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Parallels Between the Gilgamesh Surge Account and the Scriptural Surge Account - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 374 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gilgamesh Essay Did you like this example? There are numerous parallels between the Gilgamesh surge account and the scriptural surge account starting specifically with God picking a noble man to construct an ark because of an approaching extraordinary surge. This surge or flood was meant to get rid of all humans because God or gods were displeased with them. In the two records, all types of creatures were to be on the ark, and winged animals were utilized after the downpours to decide whether surge waters had dried up anywhere and uncovered dry land. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Parallels Between the Gilgamesh Surge Account and the Scriptural Surge Account" essay for you Create order In both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew bibles story, the flood was caused because the humans were behaving badly and had to be punished. This then lead to death, destruction, and rebirth all caused by billions of gallons of water flooding the earth. These texts share unusual themes with key elements occurring in the same order and sequence, and we cannot brush this off by simply saying that this was just an instance of the same combination of uncommon unrelated motifs in the same sequence. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods decide to destroy mankind by causing a fatal flood that lasted for six days and six nights. In the Hebrew bible, also known as the old testament, God also decides to flood the earth due to the humans bad behavior, only for a longer time. In Genesis the storm lasted for 40 days. And rain fell upon the earth forty days and forty nights (Genesis 7:12). These two details are very parallel to each other, along with many other similar details in both texts. For a long time, there has been a controversy around the very similar details, and whether one copied from another. The situation at hand definitely makes it seem as if the Hebrew bible consciously and purposely derived ideas and motifs from the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh emerges as one of the soonest known works in the mankinds history. It is an epic sonnet whose exposition portray the story rotating around the life of a man named Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh was the King of Urukthe superb Sumer ian city that is situated in present day Iraq. This noteworthy wonderful bit of writing really originates before Homers most punctual works by 1500 years.

Stefan’s Diaries Bloodlust Chapter 21 Free Essays

I arrived at home at dusk and found Lexi perched on the couch, her arms folded over her chest, and her foot rapidly tapping the floor. She looked like a disgruntled mother hen. Hugo and Percy were lounging, cat-like, on chaises in the far corner. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Buxton, I noted with relief, was nowhere to be seen. I wondered how long theyd been waiting for me. â€Å"You decided to come back, I see,† Lexi said, a scowl crossing her face. â€Å"So I did,† I said, trying to suppress a smile. â€Å"And somethings changed,† she added. She sniffed the air. â€Å"But you havent fed, thats good.† She knit her eyebrows together. â€Å"Hello,† I said to Hugo and Percy, ignoring Lexis observation. They gazed at me in surprise. Id never made any effort to speak to either of them in the past. â€Å"Hi,† Percy grunted. Hugo just stared at me. Lexi continued to glare at me, her hands on her hips. â€Å"Out with it, Stefan. We dont keep secrets in this house.† â€Å"I have a plan to free Damon,† I said, wincing at the giddy sound of my voice. â€Å"Thats terrific!† Lexi clapped. â€Å"How are you going to do it?† â€Å"Well, uh, it begins with going on a date,† I confessed. â€Å"A date?† Lexis brows flew up. â€Å"With whom?† I cleared my throat sheepishly. â€Å"With Gallaghers daughter, Callie.† â€Å"You have a date with ahuman?!† Percy said just as Lexi blurted out, â€Å"You have a date withCallie Gallagher.† I put my hands up defensively. â€Å"She wants me to take her out on the town tonight. And while were there, Im going to get information out of her on Damon. I cant influence her because of the vervain, but there are other ways to get a woman to talk.† Percy and Hugo looked up, expressions of disapproval crossing their faces like thunderclouds. â€Å"I wouldnt do that if I were you,† Hugo said. I glanced at him in surprise. Apart from the night theyd found me, it was the first time Id ever heard him speak. â€Å"I agree. Youll either want to kill her or kiss her, and neither scenario will end well for you,† Percy said. The sentence sounded out of place coming from his scrawny, baby-faced body. â€Å"Theyre right,† Lexi said urgently. â€Å"Theyve learned their lessons the hard way. Whos to say what youll do when youre alone with that girl, not to mention what shell do to you. You saw her house the weapons she has. I just worry that–â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know. Im young, I cant control my impulses, and Im going to make some sort of mistake,† I interrupted in annoyance. Lexi stood up and gazed at me. â€Å"All of those things are true. Youre strong, but I worry that you might let your emotions get the best of you.† â€Å"I wont,† I protested. â€Å"Im just going out with her to see if I can learn anything more about Damon. If Im going to rescue him–peacefully–shes my best bet.† Lexi set her jaw, but then heaved a sigh. â€Å"Just be careful.† â€Å"If youre going out, you cant wear that,† Hugo said, lumbering up from the chaise. â€Å"Percy, get him something nice to wear.† Percy looked at Lexi beseechingly. She crossed her arms. â€Å"What? You heard the man.† Percy slid off the couch and marched up the stairs. â€Å"If youre going out with a lady, you need to look nice,† Hugo explained gruffly. â€Å"And Lexi, you need to take him shopping.† â€Å"Yes, well go out tomorrow night, Stefan,† she replied. â€Å"Why are you suddenly being so helpful?† I asked Hugo suspiciously. Hugo showed his pointy teeth in a small smile. â€Å"If you free Damon with the humans help, therell be no need for us to get involved. Now, go get dressed!† I rolled my eyes but followed Percy up the stairs. He handed me a white linen shirt and a pair of black trousers. For a moment I wished that I had brand-new clothes and pomade to slick my hair back with. But then I reminded myself of what Id told Lexi: Right now, I just had to focus on getting to know Callie Gallagher, and, subsequently, learn what made Patrick Gallagher tick. But even though I kept telling myself that Damon was my reason for going on this date, I couldnt help but notice that my mind kept drifting back to the moment when Callie kissed my cheek. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 21, Essay examples

Your Own Particular Harbor Essay Example For Students

Your Own Particular Harbor Essay Imagine that life is like sailing a small boat. During your life, you pick up the skills necessary to sail your boat, and you find a sense of where you want your course to take you. You have your One Particular Harbor   (the man, the legend, Jimmy Buffett), your home, your safe haven. At some point, once you leave your safe harbor, waves may wash over the bow, and you will find yourself with wet feet. The response that has been drilled into a sailors mind is as follows: When the boat fills up with water, reach for your bailer. We will write a custom essay on Your Own Particular Harbor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So, at some point in your journey, when you have waves overcome your boat, you do the most sensible and logical thing: get rid of the water. You need to bail the boat in order to sail fast and in order to stay afloat. However, damage control has its drawbacks; once you start bailing it becomes harder to keep your course. The more you bail the less you sail, and the less you sail, the farther away from home you get. Traveling away from your set course is not always a bad maneuver. Opportunities abound! Steering to starboard, brought me an unexpected surprise, an internship at the Heritage Museum and Gardens in Sandwich. Working with mentor, Ali Tyber, a known Cape Cod artist, allowed me to bring my own artistic abilities to an entirely different level with the end result being an exhibition of my work at the Massachusetts State House. A port tack takes me to Ecuador, where I was a participant in the Rostro de Cristo   program. Six upperclassmen were selected for this week- long mission to bring hope and inspire ones life-long commitment to service, social justice, and solidarity in the global community. Gybe back around, and I find myself back on my original course, enlightened and refreshed, eager to return to my safe haven. Sailing in North Bay with my high school team, has been both challenging and rewarding. As a newly formed club sport  , garnering enthusiasm and commitment from others is no easy task. As team captain for the past three years, influencing others to dedicate their time and energy to a spring sport on the water in 40 degree weather, howling winds, and unforgiving waves is all part of my leadership position. As the only female skipper, it is sometimes frustrating to convince my male teammates to take me seriously. However, being awarded sailor of the year for three consecutive years is all of the affirmation needed. As a college preparatory student, I have selected a variety of courses that are not only interest level based, but challenge my comfort zone. Hard work and determination have dominated my studies and I refuse to allow myself to become discouraged should the fleeting A  grade not be achieved. At Pope John Paul II High School, I am truly sheltered from the wind  , but the need to explore different oceans   brings me to my decision that Salve Regina University is the perfect One Particular Harbor   for me. Small class sizes, a family atmosphere, and Catholic values, like my own are what truly draw me to the university. Since first visiting Salve Regina as a sophomore in high school, I have never pictured myself attending anywhere else, regardless of the many other campuses I have visited. The university is my first choice because I believe it will nurture my desire to become the best person that I can possibly be, academically, socially, and spiritually.

The Difference Between Tourism Management And Event Management Tourism Essays

The Difference Between Tourism Management And Event Management Tourism Essays The Difference Between Tourism Management And Event Management Tourism Essay The Difference Between Tourism Management And Event Management Tourism Essay Development of touristry industry must accommodate to the touristry merchandises of touristry demand, development of event touristry besides needs to accommodate to mass touristry merchandises of touristry demand, while the nucleus of touristry merchandises is tourism attractive force. Tourist attractive force is a natural tourer attractive force, cultural object, and the cardinal belongings and map is attractive to tourers and stimulates people s travel motives ( Margaret Deery ; A Leo Jago ; Liz Fredline, 2004 ) . The most basic map OF tourer attractive force is to pull tourers to the finish. Therefore, the intent of this study is to look for the similarities and differences between touristry direction and event direction, and the event touristry will be the focal point to associate the both. Tourism direction is trusting on originative thought, incorporating touristry resources to accomplish the optimum tantrum of resources, environment, conveyance and market, and eventually to accomplish the originative procedure of aims of touristry development ( Witt, S. F. , Moutinho, L. , 1996 ) . Event direction is the direction activity to accommodate all degrees and types of political and economic activities, athleticss events, the chief touristry, conferences and exhibitions, amusement, carnival and others based on the explosive growing of authorities and non-government bureaus ( Boris Gruschke, 1998 ) . It is non merely different from authorities disposal, but besides different from ordinary commercial endeavor direction across organisations. Event touristry refers to the signifier of taking erstwhile or regular festivals held as the nucleus attractive force for finish selling, or heightening the particular touristry activities ( David Getz, 2008 ) . Holiday jubilations frequently accumulated a rich local cultural content, and really strong engagement, amusement, hence, the contrivers of event activities frequently try to make an ambiance of festival or jubilation in order to pull wider attending, more tourers, and even make a recycling of tradition . 3 Similarities between touristry direction and event direction In my sentiment, the most of import similarity between touristry direction and event direction is event touristry, which is reflected both in touristry and event activities. Tourism Management Event Management Event Tourism Management Figure 1 Similarity between touristry direction and event direction Compared with the general types of touristry activities, event touristry has its ain distinguishable features: One is the typical endemic feature. Production of a touristry event will frequently trust on local features and cultural imposts to pull local beginning ( Julie E Otto and J. R. Brent Ritchie, 1996 ) . Originating from the festival with a typical local characteristics travel, it is easy to win the favour of the deepness of the root causes of tourers. Second is the activity concentration. Event touristry activities are concentrated in a peculiar period of clip, normally a fixed clip period, and activity is really compact agreement, which makes the tourers touristry activities and touristry experience with important concentration of characteristics. If the event activities are capturing, tourers by and large stay longer. Third is the widespread influence. Large graduated table of event touristry activities frequently lead to larger concerns, to pull people from all over the universe concentrated in one activity enabling coaction, experience the local ambiance of the event ( David Getz, 1997 ) . This will convey big and widespread impact to the regional touristry development and local economic, societal and cultural development. Fourth is the fullness of effects. A major event touristry activity held brings both a direct economic benefit, but besides brings indirect benefits to other facets of stealing, will advance the development in assorted facets of the host. Event touristry has these characteristics, combined with festivals by tourers with high degrees of ingestion, repeatability, a longer abode clip, etc. , characteristics, doing event touristry as a concern of the object for the regional touristry development, increasing people attending ( Robyn Stokes, 2008 ) . Australia by virtuousness of keeping this particular gay event of America s Cup yacht race became one of the universe s most celebrated tourers ; China Qingdao through Beer Festival , Ocean Day spread out their alone marine civilization , successfully created the image as the features of the marine metropolis. It shows the organisation of festivals, particularly the organisation of large-scale events, frequently become the focal point of media attending. Event touristry for the metropolis provides a phase to demo their image, any one ad, any selling activities are hard to fit with the effectivity. Large graduated table of event activities Participated in event Improved Infrastructure Community involvements Increased Media coverage Increased Travel publicities Increased Capacity Visitor Satisfaction Community Satisfaction Increased Identity Increased Visiting host people Word of oral cavity Increased Tourism image Impression of diminution over clip Figure 2 The nexus between event and touristry 4 Differences between touristry direction and event direction Using system theory, with project direction theory, it can understand the event touristry from four degrees ( John Swarbrooke, 1999 ) : the basic rules and constructs ( Tourism event is a undertaking, project direction should be implemented ) ; system development rhythm ( touristry event development life rhythm ) ; systems and processs ( utilizing specific direction techniques and processs ) ; organisational behaviour ( set up sensible organisational construction and effectual encouraging undertaking members ) . Table 1 Comparative analysis of touristry event characteristics and undertaking definition Definition of undertaking Features of touristry event 1, including a individual, definable end or stop merchandise or consequence. Tourism event is non-routine , is the particular event happening within a certain period. It is an identifiable undertaking, has a certain economic ends, societal ends. Major touristry festival ( Mega-event ) on touristry has immense economic and societal impact. Large-scale festival events can be regarded as sub-sub undertakings. 2, unique. Undertaking is the activity with merely one type, and can neer be wholly repeated. Tourism event is normally carefully planned. This nature makes touristry events different from the self-generated events and occurrences unique. It is impossible to reiterate, if failed, could non retrieve. 3, the impermanent activities. Life-cycle, one time the end to accomplish, the undertaking has ceased to be. Tourism event has a certain deadline. While some festivals held on a regular basis, but the consequence of the undertaking objectives, stakeholders and the Environment ( Internet Explorer undertaking system ) will alter, so this new festival should be regarded as new undertakings. 4, requires the usage of assorted professional and organisational accomplishments and ability. Tasks and accomplishments required besides vary with the undertaking. The procedure of the operation of touristry event is across a figure of direction maps units: authorities, concern, public and many industries. Tourism event s success is inseparable from their extended support and coaction. 5, may be unfamiliar. Very unsure hazard factors. The complexness of the procedure organisation operation of touristry event, integrated non merely manifested in non merely the features of touristry merchandises in general, it besides has its ain features and properties. 6, there is some hazard. The failure of the undertaking may present a menace to the organisation or its ends. Tourism event has the hazard for every phase, failure of touristry festival activities could adversely impact touristry finish in reasonably long clip. 7, is to accomplish the end of a procedure to work. A undertaking to travel through several different phases ; phases of transition undertakings, manpower, organisation and resources will alter with it. Tourism event during the operation and direction may still go on. There may be single specific undertakings that are non to the full defined in footings of undertakings ; most undertakings have in forepart of three or four characteristics. Comparative analysis from the tabular array, touristry event at least meets the before six points. It can be concluded: Tourism event is a undertaking, project direction theory is applied to the touristry event merchandises. Tourism event is present the life rhythm. The life rhythm of touristry events is it similar to the dynamic procedure of the natural life rhythm of birth, growing, adulthood, diminution and decease, which includes construct, planning, execution and operation of four phases ( I McDonnell, J Allen, W Otoole, 1999 ) . Purpose of understanding the life rhythm issues travel subdivision is really of import to director of the undertaking: on the one manus, touristry event highlights the undertaking life rhythm in undertaking direction program, reappraisal and analysis, execution procedure, the direction of each procedure systems analysis is the footing for the following stage of the operation, which requires direction system, a comprehensive apprehension of project life rhythm touristry festival, and at different times to take corresponding steps ; on the other manus, life rhythm procedure is for each undertaking aims, which requires the undertaking director should be on the festival s appr ehension of the undertaking life rhythm and the undertaking aims to unite effectual direction by aims ( David Getz, 1997 ) . Therefore, the directors to react flexibly to the altering environment demand to hold a life rhythm direction civilization, in order to guarantee the smooth operation of the events. 5 Decision As a undertaking, the touristry event should be analyzed with a systematic attack. Management of touristry event, in the face of complex elements in the events undertaking system, directors must first transport out systematic analysis of each component. Tourism event undertaking system is an unfastened system, undertaking directors must from the system degree, organisational degree and proficient degree to measure the system, senior directors will necessitate more from the system degree to analyse the system. To understand the chief system of belongings undertakings of touristry events, peculiarly in the development of touristry event is the of import position in the major touristry events and immense undertakings. Event touristry as the span to associate touristry and event activities, in the touristry development assumes more and more of import maps and function. Although it shows the similarities and differences between touristry direction and event direction, for the issues of the operation thought of touristry event, development scheme and effects, we should pay more concerns. Word count: 1,529

State Facts in Spanish Using the Indicative Mood

State Facts in Spanish Using the Indicative Mood In addition to traditional verb tenses, such as present and past tense, there are three moods that are also used in Spanish. These verb tenses reflect the way a sentence is constructed. The most common mood in Spanish is the indicative mood, which is used in ordinary, typical speech when making statements. In Spanish and English, the three moods are indicative, subjunctive, and imperative.  The mood of a verb is a property that relates to how the person using the verb feels about its factuality or likelihood. The distinction is made much more often in Spanish than it is in English. In Spanish, the indicative is referred to as the ​el indicativo. More About the Indicative Mood The indicative mood is used to talk about  actions, events, or true statements. It is typically used for making factual statements or describing obvious qualities of a person or situation.   In a sentence such as I  see  the dog, which translates to veo  el perro, the verb veo is in the indicative mood. Other examples of the indicative mood include  Irà ©Ã‚  a casa, which means, I  will go  home, or compramos  dos manzanas, which translates to we  bought  two apples. These are both statements of fact. The verbs in the sentences are conjugated, or changed into forms that reflect the indicative mood. Difference Between Subjunctive and Indicative Mood The indicative mood contrasts with the subjunctive mood, which is often used in making subjective or contrary-to-fact statements. The subjunctive mood is used to talk about  desires, doubts, wishes, conjectures, and possibilities, and there are many instances of its use in Spanish. For example, If I  were  young, I would be a soccer player, translates to,  Si  fuera  joven, serà ­a  futbolista.  The verb fuera uses the subjunctive form of the verb,  ser, to be. The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English. For a rare example of the subjunctive mood in English, the phrase if I  were a rich man refers to a contrary-to-fact condition. Note, the verb were does not agree with the subject or object, but here, it is used correctly in the sentence - since in this case, it is being used in the subjunctive mood. The  Spanish language seems to have no problem using the  verb in the subjunctive mood when the corresponding English sentence (in almost all cases) will use the indicative mood.   Use of the Imperative Mood In English, the indicative mood is used nearly all the time, except when giving  direct commands. Then, the imperative  mood  comes into play.   In Spanish, the imperative mood is used mostly in informal speech and  is one of the more unusual verb forms in Spanish.  Since direct commands sometimes can sound rude or impolite, the imperative form may be avoided in favor of other verb constructions. An example of the imperative mood would be eat, as in a mother directing her child to eat. In English, the word can stand alone as a sentence when used in this way. The verb comer means, to eat in Spanish. This sentence would be stated simply as  come or  come  tà º.